1.議論論文:
A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.
B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.
C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,。
D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.
E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.
F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view.
1.議論論文: A. Just as every coin has two sides, cars have both advantages and disadvantages.B. Compared to/ In comparison with letters, e-mails are more convenient.C. When it comes to computers, some people think they have brought us a lot of convenience. However,。
D. Opinions are divided on the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside. E. As is known to all/ As we all know, computers have played an important role/part in our daily life.F. Why do you go to university? Different people have different points of view。.。
議論文寫作基本范式
As is known to all,it is important to be/ do… I think there are at least two reasons for… For one thing,… For another,….Let's take… for example… From what I have mentioned above we can see that without… we can not … it is clear that….play an important part in…
Different people,however,have different opinions on this matters.Some people think that … According to them all of us should… Others argue that … in their point of view,nobody can without … Compared with…,has a lot of advantages over… There is no doubt that … As a consequence,….
In short,I firmly support the view that … It is because… So my conclusion is that ….(109words)
議論文的寫作要注意三個(gè)要素:1。提出論點(diǎn);2。組織論據(jù),進(jìn)行論證;3。得出結(jié)論。
常用的論證方法包括夾敘夾議法、例舉法、比較對(duì)照法、因果法、邏輯推理法(包括歸納法和演繹法)。可以從正面論證,也可以從反面進(jìn)行反駁。
常規(guī)整體構(gòu)建模式
在一篇文章中,各自然段,各句子都為文章的中心思想服務(wù),各段落之間,句子與句子之間存在著某種邏輯關(guān)系。文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過渡詞來完成,在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。“啟”就是開頭,“承”是承接,“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折,“合”是綜合或總結(jié),一篇文章
與一段文章一樣都有“啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合”關(guān)系。
常規(guī)段落構(gòu)建模式
考研英語(yǔ)寫作的文章一般包括一個(gè)開頭段、若干擴(kuò)展段和一個(gè)結(jié)尾段。開頭段和結(jié)尾段
一般比擴(kuò)展段短。在這里,主要給同學(xué)們分析開頭段的寫作模式。
開頭段一定要語(yǔ)言精練,并且直接切入主題。開頭段一般不對(duì)主題進(jìn)行深入的探討,具體的論證或敘述應(yīng)該在擴(kuò)展段進(jìn)行。一般在開頭段寫四或五句即可。考生應(yīng)注意以下若干要點(diǎn):
1) 開頭段的作用
概括陳述主題,提出觀點(diǎn)或論點(diǎn),表明寫作意圖。
2) 寫開頭段時(shí)考生應(yīng)該避免的若干問題
① 開頭偏離主題太遠(yuǎn);
② 使用抱歉或埋怨之詞句;
③ 內(nèi)容不具體,言之無物;
④ 使用不言自明的陳述。
3) 開頭段的使用方法
① 使用引語(yǔ)
使用一段名人名言,或人們常用的諺語(yǔ),習(xí)語(yǔ),以確定文章的寫作和方
向;
② 使用具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù)
引用一些具體詳實(shí)的數(shù)字或數(shù)據(jù),然后做出概括性分析,指明問題的癥
結(jié)所在;
③ 提出問題
提出有爭(zhēng)議或探討性的具體問題,然后加以簡(jiǎn)要回答或展開引導(dǎo)性簡(jiǎn)短
討論;
④ 給出背景
描述具體事件的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和發(fā)生背景等;
⑤ 定義法
針對(duì)討論的主題或問題加以定義,然后進(jìn)行深入探討;
⑥ 主題句法
文章一開始就以主題句點(diǎn)明全文主題,然后圍繞主題內(nèi)容進(jìn)行發(fā)展
對(duì)答案評(píng)分
對(duì)回答者的感言:(選填項(xiàng),40字以內(nèi)) 畢業(yè)論文的寫作格式、流程與寫作技巧 廣義來說,凡屬論述科學(xué)技術(shù)內(nèi)容的作品,都稱作科學(xué)著述,如原始論著(論文)、簡(jiǎn)報(bào)、綜合報(bào)告、進(jìn)展報(bào)告、文獻(xiàn)綜述、述評(píng)、專著、匯編、教科書和科普讀物等。但其中只有原始論著及其簡(jiǎn)報(bào)是原始的、主要的、第一性的、涉及到創(chuàng)造發(fā)明等知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的。其它的當(dāng)然也很重要,但都是加工的、發(fā)展的、為特定應(yīng)用目的和對(duì)象而撰寫的。下面僅就論文的撰寫談一些體會(huì)。在討論論文寫作時(shí)也不準(zhǔn)備談?dòng)嘘P(guān)稿件撰寫的各種規(guī)定及細(xì)則。主要談的是論文寫作中容易發(fā)生的問題和經(jīng)驗(yàn),是論文寫作道德和書寫內(nèi)容的規(guī)范問題。 論文寫作的要求 下面按論文的結(jié)構(gòu)順序依次敘述。 (一)論文——題目科學(xué)論文都有題目,不能“無題”。論文題目一般20字左右。題目大小應(yīng)與內(nèi)容符合,盡量不設(shè)副題,不用第1報(bào)、第2報(bào)之類。論文題目都用直敘口氣,不用驚嘆號(hào)或問號(hào),也不能將科學(xué)論文題目寫成廣告語(yǔ)或新聞報(bào)道用語(yǔ)。 (二)論文——署名科學(xué)論文應(yīng)該署真名和真實(shí)的工作單位。主要體現(xiàn)責(zé)任、成果歸屬并便于后人追蹤研究。嚴(yán)格意義上的論文作者是指對(duì)選題、論證、查閱文獻(xiàn)、方案設(shè)計(jì)、建立方法、實(shí)驗(yàn)操作、整理資料、歸納總結(jié)、撰寫成文等全過程負(fù)責(zé)的人,應(yīng)該是能解答論文的有關(guān)問題者。現(xiàn)在往往把參加工作的人全部列上,那就應(yīng)該以貢獻(xiàn)大小依次排列。論文署名應(yīng)征得本人同意。學(xué)術(shù)指導(dǎo)人根據(jù)實(shí)際情況既可以列為論文作者,也可以一般致謝。行政領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一般不署名。 (三)論文——引言是論文引人入勝之言,很重要,要寫好。一段好的論文引言常能使讀者明白你這份工作的發(fā)展歷程和在這一研究方向中的位置。要寫出論文立題依據(jù)、基礎(chǔ)、背景、研究目的。要復(fù)習(xí)必要的文獻(xiàn)、寫明問題的發(fā)展。文字要簡(jiǎn)練。 (四)論文——材料和方法按規(guī)定如實(shí)寫出實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象、器材、動(dòng)物和試劑及其規(guī)格,寫出實(shí)驗(yàn)方法、指標(biāo)、判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等,寫出實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)、分組、統(tǒng)計(jì)方法等。這些按雜志對(duì)論文投稿規(guī)定辦即可。 (五)論文——實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果應(yīng)高度歸納,精心分析,合乎邏輯地鋪述。應(yīng)該去粗取精,去偽存真,但不能因不符合自己的意圖而主觀取舍,更不能弄虛作假。只有在技術(shù)不熟練或儀器不穩(wěn)定時(shí)期所得的數(shù)據(jù)、在技術(shù)故障或操作錯(cuò)誤時(shí)所得的數(shù)據(jù)和不符合實(shí)驗(yàn)條件時(shí)所得的數(shù)據(jù)才能廢棄不用。而且必須在發(fā)現(xiàn)問題當(dāng)時(shí)就在原始記錄上注明原因,不能在總結(jié)處理時(shí)因不合常態(tài)而任意剔除。廢棄這類數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)應(yīng)將在同樣條件下、同一時(shí)期的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)一并廢棄,不能只廢棄不合己意者。
英語(yǔ)書信的常見寫作模板 開頭部分: How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I'm pleased to hear that you're coming to China for a visit. I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 結(jié)尾部分: With best wishes. I'm looking forward to your reply. I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 圖畫類寫作模板:1.開頭 Look at this picture./The picture shows that。
/From this picture, we can see。/As is shown in the picture。
/As is seen in the picture。
英語(yǔ)書信的常見寫作模板 開頭部分: How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I'm glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I'm pleased to hear that you're coming to China for a visit. I'm writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America. 結(jié)尾部分: With best wishes. I'm looking forward to your reply. I'd appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 圖畫類寫作模板:1.開頭 Look at this picture./The picture shows that。/From this picture, we can see。
/As is shown in the picture。/As is seen in the picture。
2.銜接句 As we all know, 。/As is known to all,。
/It is well known that。/In my opinion,。
/As far as I am concerned,。/This sight reminds me of something in my daily life. 3.結(jié)尾句 In conclusion。
/In brief。/On the whole。
/In short。/In a word。
/Generally speaking。/As has been stated。
口頭通知常見寫作模板 呼語(yǔ)及開場(chǎng)白部分: Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make. 正文部分: All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please listen carefully and we'll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don't be late. 結(jié)束語(yǔ)部分: Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you'll have a nice time here. That's all. Thank you. 議論文模板 1.正反觀點(diǎn)式議論文模板 導(dǎo)入: 第1段:Recently we've had a discussion about whether we should。 (導(dǎo)入話題) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(觀點(diǎn)有分歧) 正文: 第2段:Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方觀點(diǎn)) Here are the reasons. First。
Second。 Finally。
(列出2~3個(gè)贊成的理由) 第3段:However, the others are strongly against it. (反方觀點(diǎn)) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place。 What's more。
In addition。(列出2~3個(gè)反對(duì)的理由) 結(jié)論: 第4段:Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)) オ 2.“A或者B”類議論文模板: 導(dǎo)入: 第1段: Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages. 正文: 第2段:There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that 。
Another reason is that。(贊同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent。
(列出1~2個(gè)B的優(yōu)勢(shì)) 結(jié)論: 第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discusse穿酣扁叫壯既憋習(xí)鉑盧d above, we may finally draw the conclusion that 。(得出結(jié)論) オ 3.觀點(diǎn)論述類議論文模板: 導(dǎo)入: 第1段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某個(gè)決定作為議論的話題 As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的觀點(diǎn)是贊成還是反對(duì)) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (過渡句,承上啟下) 正文: 第2段:First of all。
Secondly。 Besides。
(列出2~3個(gè)贊成或反對(duì)的理由) 結(jié)論: 第3段:In conclusion, I believe that。 (照應(yīng)第1段,構(gòu)成"總—分—總"結(jié)構(gòu)) 4."How to"類議論文模板: 導(dǎo)入: 第1段:提出一種現(xiàn)象或某種困難作為議論的話題 正文: 第2段: Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all。
Another way to solve the problem is 。 Finally。
(列出2~3個(gè)解決此類問題的辦法) 結(jié)論: 第3段:These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to。(強(qiáng)調(diào)解決此類問題的根本方法) 圖表作文寫作模板 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 圖表主題. The first thing we notice is that 圖表最大特點(diǎn) . This means that as (進(jìn)一步說明). We can see from the statistics given that 圖表細(xì)節(jié)一 . After 動(dòng)詞-ing 細(xì)節(jié)一中的第一個(gè)變化, the動(dòng)詞-ed+幅度+時(shí)間(緊跟著的變化) . The figures also tell us that圖表細(xì)節(jié)二 . In the column, we can see that accounts for (進(jìn)一步描述). Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (結(jié)論).The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (給出原因). It is high time that we (發(fā)出倡議).。
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