英文開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作范文(英文論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作技巧)
英文開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作范文
英文開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作范文
下面是一篇英語(yǔ)論文的`開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文，雖然不是特別好，但也反應(yīng)了開(kāi)題報(bào)告的格式和寫(xiě)法，有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。
function and application of descriptive translation studies
1 introduction
the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts. 2 outline
2.1 development and major concepts of dts
in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
英文論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作技巧
英文論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告寫(xiě)作技巧
導(dǎo)語(yǔ)：一篇優(yōu)秀的英語(yǔ)論文離不開(kāi)開(kāi)題報(bào)告的撰寫(xiě)。那么，如何寫(xiě)好開(kāi)題報(bào)告成為同學(xué)們非?？鄲赖膯?wèn)題。下面是小編分享的英文論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告的寫(xiě)作技巧，歡迎閱讀!
開(kāi)題報(bào)告的一般內(nèi)容
課題來(lái)源、開(kāi)題依據(jù)和背景情況，課題研究目的以及理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
文獻(xiàn)綜述。在閱讀規(guī)定文獻(xiàn)量(不少于50篇，其中外文文獻(xiàn)占40%以上)的基礎(chǔ)上，著重闡述該研究課題國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài)，同時(shí)介紹查閱文獻(xiàn)的范圍以及查閱方式、手段。
主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。包括學(xué)術(shù)構(gòu)思、研究方法、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、技術(shù)路線(xiàn)、實(shí)施方案、可行性分析、研究中可能遇到的難點(diǎn)、解決的方法和措施以及預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
擬采用的實(shí)驗(yàn)手段，所需科研和實(shí)驗(yàn)條件，估計(jì)課題工作量和所需經(jīng)費(fèi)，研究工作進(jìn)度計(jì)劃。
主要參考文獻(xiàn)，列出至少10篇所查閱參考的.文獻(xiàn)。
寫(xiě)好開(kāi)題報(bào)告的技巧
提出問(wèn)題注意“層次”
在提出問(wèn)題時(shí)，要以“內(nèi)行”看得懂的術(shù)語(yǔ)和明確的邏輯來(lái)表述。
選題來(lái)源包括：與自己實(shí)際工作或科研工作相關(guān)的、較為熟悉的問(wèn)題;自己從事的專(zhuān)業(yè)。
問(wèn)題發(fā)展迅速，需要綜合評(píng)價(jià);反映本學(xué)科的新理論、新技術(shù)或新動(dòng)向的題目。
所選題目不宜過(guò)大，越具體越容易收集資料，從某一個(gè)側(cè)面入手，容易深入。
瞄準(zhǔn)主流文獻(xiàn)，隨時(shí)整理
文獻(xiàn)資料是撰寫(xiě)好學(xué)術(shù)論文的基礎(chǔ)。選擇文獻(xiàn)時(shí)應(yīng)選擇本學(xué)科的核心期刊、經(jīng)典著作等，要注意所選文獻(xiàn)的代表性、可靠性及科學(xué)性;選擇文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)先看近期的(近3～5年)，后看遠(yuǎn)期的，廣泛閱讀資料，有必要時(shí)還應(yīng)找到有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)所引用的原文閱讀，在閱讀時(shí)，注意做好讀書(shū)卡片或讀書(shū)筆記。
整理資料時(shí)，要注意按照問(wèn)題來(lái)組織文獻(xiàn)資料，寫(xiě)文獻(xiàn)綜述時(shí)不是將看過(guò)的資料都羅列和陳述出來(lái)，而是要按照一定的思路將其提煉出來(lái)。只有這樣，才能寫(xiě)出好的文獻(xiàn)綜述，也才能寫(xiě)出好的開(kāi)題報(bào)告，進(jìn)而為寫(xiě)出好的論文打下基礎(chǔ)。
研究目標(biāo)具體而不死板
一般開(kāi)題報(bào)告都要求明確學(xué)位論文的研究目標(biāo)，但筆者認(rèn)為，研究目標(biāo)不宜規(guī)定得太死板，這是因?yàn)?，即使條件一定，目標(biāo)是偏高還是偏低，往往難于準(zhǔn)確判斷，研究工作本身，涉及求知因素，各個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)室條件不同，具體研究時(shí)條件也不同。學(xué)位論文選題和研究目標(biāo)體現(xiàn)了研究工作的價(jià)值特征。
搜索技能篇
google學(xué)術(shù)搜索
google學(xué)術(shù)搜索的功能可以說(shuō)是相當(dāng)強(qiáng)大，這里先介紹了幾個(gè)實(shí)用的小技能~
查找圖書(shū)館試用資源
試試搜索欄里輸入："intitle:試用數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù) inurl:lib" 便可以快速找到各高校圖書(shū)館的免費(fèi)資源了。這些密碼雖然持久不了，但是足夠解燃眉之急。這是一個(gè)密碼頁(yè)。你可以保存起來(lái)，說(shuō)不定今后你會(huì)用到它們。
需要說(shuō)明的是：百度查找中文的期刊還是很管用，因?yàn)榘俣戎形捻?yè)面更新很快，而google在中文方面就不是很在行了，但是英文網(wǎng)頁(yè)，google則是一個(gè)星期更新一次，頻率較快，優(yōu)先采用檢索國(guó)外數(shù)據(jù)!
站內(nèi)直接搜索
谷歌對(duì)于一些流量大戶(hù)，比如知乎，直接在搜索結(jié)果頁(yè)面呈現(xiàn)了站內(nèi)搜索框，很是方便。
InfoSeek
提供全文檢索功能，并有較細(xì)致的分類(lèi)目錄，還可搜索圖像。網(wǎng)頁(yè)收錄極其豐富，以西文為主，支持簡(jiǎn)體和繁體中文檢索，但中文網(wǎng)頁(yè)收錄較少。查詢(xún)時(shí)能夠識(shí)別大小寫(xiě)和成語(yǔ)，且支持邏輯條件限制查詢(xún)(AND、OR、NOT等)。高級(jí)檢索功能較強(qiáng)，另有字典、事件查詢(xún)、黃頁(yè)、股票報(bào)價(jià)等多種服務(wù)。
Wolfram Alpha
圖表數(shù)據(jù)伸手可得的神器!
Wolfram Alpha是一個(gè)繪圖計(jì)算器、在線(xiàn)圖書(shū)館、和搜尋引擎的綜合體。它不像Google一樣給出零碎的混雜的內(nèi)容，而是直接將每一幀信息拼接成有效的影像，更直觀(guān)地呈現(xiàn)結(jié)果。
舉個(gè)例子，想要了解中國(guó)人口數(shù)量變化，Wolfram Alpha會(huì)直接給出折線(xiàn)圖;相當(dāng)?shù)姆奖?、直觀(guān)。
英文論文開(kāi)題報(bào)告是一篇高質(zhì)量論文的開(kāi)始，只有良好的開(kāi)端，才可以給你的論文奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
最新英語(yǔ)論文的開(kāi)題報(bào)告范文
1 introduction
the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).
dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
the method of dts is basically descriptive. the prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. translation phenomena are noted down. with accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. i will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
a convenient tool has been set up to conduct dts. “norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.
the case taken in this thesis is the chinese classic the dream of red mansions. two english versions translated respectively by yang hsien-yi and david hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
in this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, i hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of dts.
2 outline
2.1 development and major concepts of dts
in this part i will describe holms’ basic map of dts and the relationship between function, process and product. i will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
2.2 methodolgy
i will in this part discuss the methodology of dts before i apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
2.3 dts in contrast to other theories
a contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of dts from other theories such as equivalence theory and the chinese xin da ya criteria. some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
2.4 case study
in this part, translation of the dream of red mansions (also translated as the story of the stone) will be under investigation in light of dts. translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.
2.5 conclusion
based on the above elaboration of dts and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of dts in specific study of translation. suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
(note: while the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)