初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)(100多頁的內(nèi)容,涵蓋從初一到初三所有知識點絕對經(jīng)典,是每個九年級英語教師必備資料) 名詞的數(shù) 1、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞 A、不可數(shù)名詞,初中階段常見的不可數(shù)名詞有:water ; meat ; rice ; bread ; milk ; tea ; orange(桔汁) ; fruit ; air ; snow ; chalk; work ; paper(紙) ; time(時間); music ; weather ; grass ; news ; food ; fish(魚肉); coke ; porridge ; cake(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)). 不可數(shù)名詞應(yīng)注意以下幾點: 1)前無數(shù)、冠,后無復(fù)數(shù);作主語為三單. 2)表量用約數(shù)some /any ; much ; a lot of 或用of短語 eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C] A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many There is some_______ on the plate. [B] A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer 這是些例題 你可以到這個網(wǎng)站去下載 全部 如果全部給你復(fù)制起來字?jǐn)?shù)就超過限制了(限制為2000 這點非常不好 不知道TX為什么搞什么限制)。
.在介詞短語中常用定冠詞the,如:in the box ,behind the chair。 .不能用定冠詞the的幾個方面: (1)在節(jié)日、星期、月份、季節(jié)、年等詞前不用冠詞。
如:in summer, in August 請區(qū)別:in the spring of 1945. (這里表示特指,故加the)(2)一日三餐和球類運動名不用冠詞。如:have breakfast ,play football 一些固定詞組中,如:go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night. .在有些詞組中,有冠詞和無冠詞意思不同,請注意區(qū)別: in front of 在…前面, in the front of 在…范圍內(nèi)的前部 in hospital (生?。┳≡?, in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里。
例如: Our teacher is coming to see us. This is her pencil-box. 3)名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞,在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。 Our school is here, and theirs is there.(作主語) I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? (作賓語) 指示代詞 指示代詞包括:this,that,these,those。
1) this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人,that和those 則指時間和空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人,例如:This is a pen and that is a pencil. 反身代詞 英語中用來表示"我自己","你自己","他自己","我們自己","你們自己" 等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞,也有人稱之為自身代名詞,其形式如表所示。 反身代詞可以在句中作賓語,表語,同位語。
1)作賓語,表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者,主語和賓語指同一個人 或一些人。 He called himself a writer. 2)作表語。
The girl in the news is myself. 3)作主語或賓語的同位語,表示親自或本人。 I myself washed the clothes.(=I washed the clothes myself.)(作主語同位語) You should ask the teacher himself.(作賓語同位語) 不定代詞 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞,在句中可作主語、表、賓語和定語。
1)some與any的區(qū)別 ①some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,幾個”作形容詞時,后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. ②any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中,表示“一些,任何”用作形容詞時,后面可以接①不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞;②可數(shù)名詞+復(fù)數(shù)動詞。
If you have any questions, please ask me. There isn't any orange in the bottle. 2) few, a few, little, a little在用法上的區(qū)別 ①用作形容詞: 含義 用法 表示肯定 表示否定 用于可數(shù)名詞 a few雖少,但有幾個 few不多,幾乎沒有 用于不可數(shù)名詞 a little,雖少,但有一點 little不多,沒有什么 I'm going to buy a few apples. He can speak only a little Chinese. He has few friends. 3)other, the other, another, others, the others的區(qū)別。 用 法 代名詞 形容詞 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 不定 another 另一個 others 別人,其他人 another (boy) 另一個(男孩) other (boys) 其他男孩 特定 the other 另一個 the others 其余那些人、物 the other (boy) 另一個男孩 the other (boys) 其余那些男孩 4)every與each的區(qū)別。
each every 1)可單獨使用 1)不可單獨使用 2)可做代名詞、形容詞 2)僅作形容詞 3)著重“。
3.小學(xué)英語必備知識點
【小學(xué)英語語法知識點匯總】1.人稱代詞 主格: I we you she he it they 賓格: me us you her him it them 形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their 名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞后+er older taller longer stronger, etc(2) 多音節(jié)詞前+more more interesting, etc.(3) 雙寫最后一個字母,再+er bigger fatter, etc.(4) 把y變i,再+er heavier, earlier(5) 不規(guī)則變化:well-better, much/many-more, etc.3.可數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式 Most nouns + s a book –books Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves4.不可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)形式不變) bread, rice, water ,juice etc.5. 縮略形式 I'm = I am you're = you are she's = she is he's = he is it's = it is who's =who is can't =can not isn't=is not etc6. a/an a book, a peach an egg an hour7. Preposition:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.表示時間: at six o'clock, at Christmas, at breakfast on Monday on 15th July On National Day in the evening in December in winter8. 基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞 one – first two-second twenty-twentieth9. Some /any I have some toys in my bedroom.Do you have any brothers or sisters?10. be 動詞(1) Basic form: am/are/is(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.My eyes are(not) small.My hair is(not) long.(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren't.Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren't.Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn't.11. there be 結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句: There is a … There are … 一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn't.Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren't.否定句: There isn't …. There aren't….12. 祈使句 Sit down please Don't sit down, please.13. 現(xiàn)在進行時.通常用“now”.形式: be + verb +ing eg: I am(not) doing my homework.You/We/They are(not) reading.He/She/It is(not) eating.動詞 —ing 的形式 Most verbs +ing walk—walking Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming14.一般現(xiàn)在時。
通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。形式:肯定句:I go to school on foot every day.She goes to school on foot every day.一般疑問句:Do you jump high? Yes, I do. / No, I don't.Does he jump high? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.否定句: We don't go to school on Sundays.My mother doesn't like watching TV in the evening.15. (情態(tài))動詞can,must, should 后面直接用動詞原形。
eg:1. I / He / She / They can sing.2.You should keep quiet in the library.16. 一般過去時態(tài) (a) be 動詞的過去式:I/He/she/it was(not)…. You/we/they were….一般疑問句was, were 放在句首。(b) 動詞過去式:肯定句: I watched cartoons.She visited the zoo.一般疑問句: Did you read book last night? Yes, I did. No, I didn't.Did she clean the desk just now? Yes, she did. No, she didn't.否定句: They didn't go the the part yesterday.He didn't make model ships last week.(3)動詞過去式的變化:規(guī)則動詞的變化:Most verbs +ed eg. planted,watered,climbed。
Verbs ending in e +d eg liked。Verbs ending in a consonant +y --y +ied eg : study—studied Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant eg: stop --stopped 不規(guī)則動詞的變化:is/am—was,are—were,do—did,have/has—had,make—made,fly-flew/u:/ eat—ate,take—took,run—ran,sing—sang,drink—drank 等等17. “Wh-” questions.What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? What's the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who's the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?What are you doing?What colour is it?What time is it? What's the time?Which is your watch, the yellow one or the white one?Who's the man with a big nose?Whose bag is it?When is your birthday?Where is my ball pen?Why do you like summer?How many books are there in the school bag?How old is the young man?How much is the toy bear?How do you go to school every day?。
It is···(for sb)to do send sth to sb =send sb sth forget to do sth 忘記干某事 forget doing sth 忘記干過某事 finish doing sth 完成某事 the solar calendar陽歷 the lundar calendar 陰歷 adj(比較級)的用法: adj(比較級)+從屬連詞than引導(dǎo)的狀語從句,此結(jié)構(gòu)用于兩者之間的比較,表示“比···更···” 例:The sun is bigger than the earth as+adj(原級)+as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的肯定結(jié)構(gòu),用于兩者之間的同級比較,表示“···和···一樣” 例:He is as funny as his father 11. 動詞的時態(tài) 11.1 一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1) 經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作,常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。
時間狀語: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如: I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點離開家。
2) 客觀真理,客觀存在,科學(xué)事實。例如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。 3) 表示格言或警句。
例如: Pride goes before a fall. 驕者必敗。 注意:此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中,即使主句是過去時,從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥倫布證實了地球是圓的。 4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。
例如: I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯,講的可不行。
比較:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功課。
返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 11.2 一般過去時的用法 1)在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如:時間狀語有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。
例如: Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了? 2)表示在過去一段時間內(nèi),經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。例如: When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個孩子的時候,常在馬路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那時,布朗一家無論什么時候去,都受到熱烈歡迎。 3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……時間了" "該……了"。
例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "時間已遲了" "早該……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早該睡覺了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'寧愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.還是明天來吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用過去時,作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等,而一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去,現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。
比較:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義:她已不在人間。) Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義:她現(xiàn)在還活著) Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含義:現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州,有可能指剛離去) 注意: 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在,表示委婉語氣。 1)動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。
例如: Did you want anything else? 您還要些什么嗎? I wondered if you could help me. 能不能幫我一下。 2)情態(tài)動詞 could, would。
例如: Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行車,能借用一些嗎? 返回動詞的時態(tài)目錄 11.3 used to / be used to used to + do:"過去常常"表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài),但如今已不存在。例如: Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老媽過去沒那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫過去常常散步。 be used to + doing: 對……已感到習(xí)慣,或"習(xí)慣于",to是介詞,后需加名詞或動名詞。
例如: He is used to a vegetarian diet. Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣于散步了。 典型例題 ---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it. ---- It's 69568442. A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't 答案A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語,但從語意上看出,在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去,因此應(yīng)用過去時。
三、其它類動詞詞組 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games [介詞短語聚焦] “介詞+名詞/代詞”所構(gòu)成的短語稱為介詞短語?,F(xiàn)將Unitsl-16常用的介詞短語按用法進行歸類。
另外,以下這些短語也必須掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one's bike等。
[重點句型大回放] 1.I think…意為“我認(rèn)為……”,是對某人或某事的看法或態(tài)度的一種句型。其否定式常用I don't think…, 2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意為“把……給……”,動詞give之后可接雙賓語,可用這兩種句型;若指物的賓語是人稱代詞時,則只能用give it/ them to sb. 3.take sb./ sth. to…意為“把……(送)帶到……”,后常接地點,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意為“一個是……;另一個是……”,必須是兩者中。 5.Let sb. do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”,人后應(yīng)用不帶to的動詞不定式,其否定式為Don't let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let's 與Let us的含義不完全相同,前者包括聽者在內(nèi),后者不包括聽者在內(nèi), 6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意為“幫助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作賓補,后者用介詞短語作賓補,二者可以互換. 7.What about…?/How about…?意為“……怎么樣?”是用來詢問或征求對方的觀點、意見、看法等。
about為介詞,其后須接名詞、代詞或V-ing等形式。 8.It's time to do…/ It's time for sth. 意為“該做……的時間了”,其中to后須接原形動詞,for后可接名詞或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意為“喜歡做某事”, 前一種句型側(cè)重具體的一次性的動作;后一種句型側(cè)重習(xí)慣性的動作, 10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意為“讓某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后應(yīng)接動詞不定式, 11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意為“把某物給某人看”,該句型的用法同前面第2點。 12.introduce sb. to sb. 意為“把某人介紹給另一人”;introduce to sb.則是“向某人作介紹”。
[重點短語快速復(fù)習(xí)] 1.kinds of 各種各樣的 2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中國清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的盡頭,在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及時 13. make one's way to…往……(艱難地)走去 14. just then 正在那時 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走錯路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵鬧,喧嘩 19. get on 上車 20. get off 下車 21. stand in line 站隊 22. waiting room 候診室,候車室 23. at the head of……在……的前頭 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 亂丟,拋散 26. in fact 實際上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one's temperature 給某人體溫 31. have/get a pain in…某處疼痛 32. have a headache 頭痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反復(fù)地 38. wake up 醒來,叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look 。
第一冊:一般現(xiàn)在時( to be)表示經(jīng)常性的動作,現(xiàn)在存在的情況或狀態(tài)。 1.陳述句(肯定) 陳述句是陳述一個事實或者說話人的看法。
I'm Sam. This is my mother. It's a black dog. He's a doctor. She's a driver. 2.特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句歸類 問“誰……”,“什么……”,“在哪里……”等這一類的問句叫做特殊疑問句。這種問句以疑問詞開頭。
How are you? How many? How old are you? What's your name? What's this? Where's the cat? 試題舉例 三年級試題(第二冊) Listen and choose.(聽錄音,根據(jù)圖片選擇正確答語,將序號填入括號里。) ( ) 2. A.They's tigers. B.They're monkeys. 隱形問句為: What are they? 讀寫部分:問句和答語分成兩組連線,或者提供問句和2個被選答語進行選擇。
1.How are you? A.I'm nine 2.How old are you? B.I'm fine,thank you. ? 1.How are you ? A.I'm nine. B.I'm fine,thank you 3.一般疑問句:試題舉例 Ⅳ.Listen and draw faces .( 聽音,與圖片相符的畫笑臉,不符的畫哭臉。) 1. 1. Is it a kite ? Yes, it is. 2 2. Is it a bird? No,it isn't. 4.祈使句: 讓學(xué)生明白向?qū)Ψ桨l(fā)出指令的表達方式。
在第三模塊中出現(xiàn)的 Sit down ,please. Stand up, please. Point to the window. Point to the door. 第二冊:一般現(xiàn)在時(to do )—表示經(jīng)常性的動作,現(xiàn)在存在的情況或狀態(tài)。 1.陳述句的否定式: 如; 第三模塊的表示喜歡與不喜歡 I like football. I don't like table tennis. 2.含有行為動詞的一般疑問句表達方式: Do you like meat? Does he like bananas? 3.名詞復(fù)數(shù) They're monkeys. 4.第三人稱單數(shù)動詞的變化 教師在根據(jù)情景用語言表述時引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)總結(jié) 如:I go to school by bike. She goes to school by bus. 5.介詞 in, on ,under 的用法。
This pencil-box is on the desk. This pen is in the pencil-box. That chair is under the desk. 6.疑問句歸類: Do you like meat? Does Lingling like bananas? What's the time, please? What do you do at the weekend? What does she do at the weekend? 第三冊:現(xiàn)在進行時、情態(tài)動詞、一般將來時(be going to的結(jié)構(gòu))、there be句型 1.現(xiàn)在進行時:通常表示此時此刻或當(dāng)前一個時期內(nèi)正在進行的活動。 I watch TV at the weekend. I am watching TV now. 2.情態(tài)動詞:can 的一般疑問句及其答語。
情態(tài)動詞can 表示能力或者可能性(即客觀上是否允許)。 Can you jump high? Yes, I can. No, I can't 3.一般將來時:be going to 的用法——表示打算(預(yù)備)做某事(表達的是主觀愿望。)
We're going to go to Hainan. I'm going to visit my grandpa. 4.there be 句型: “在某個范圍內(nèi)有…”,在第十模塊主要練習(xí)運用了在某個月份有幾個 同學(xué)過生日,在一年里有十二個月。辨析舉例: “there be”與“have got ”譯成漢語時都有一個"有"字,這二者之間又有什么區(qū)別呢? ①there be表示“有”時,側(cè)重于客觀存在,常用于"某地(某時)有某物" 的句型,至于此物屬于誰則無關(guān)緊要。
如: There are twelve months in the year. ②have(has) got表示“有”時,側(cè)重于主觀方面,有"所有"的意思,常 用于“某人(某物)有某物”的句型,至于此物在何時何地則無需談及。如: I've got a new book. ③有時候there be和have(has) got可以互換使用,句子意義沒有什么差別。
如: We have got a lot of time. (=There is a lot of time.)我們時間很多。 ④有些情況下,there be和have是不能互換使用的。
I have two hands.我有兩只手。 (不能說:There are two hands on my body.) “have got” 和 “have” 的區(qū)別 問題:一年級起點5冊 M6中,I've got a 。
. Have you got a 。? 現(xiàn)在好象在生活中使用這種句型的場合及教材都比較少了.學(xué)生學(xué)起來也比較拗口.與此相關(guān)的幾個模塊也是難度比較大. 為什么不用 I have a 。
Do you have a 。?學(xué)生學(xué)起來也比較容易. 回答:have you got 。
5.some 的用法 教材中出現(xiàn):Do you want some rice? Can I have some sweets? 含有some的肯定句在變成疑問句時,在下列情況之下, some不必變成any。例如: ①在固定詞組中。
Do you usually do some shopping?你通常去購物嗎? ②在相當(dāng)于祈使句的問句中。 Would you like some fruits?你想吃點水果嗎? Do you want some rice? ③希望對方給予肯定的答復(fù),表達請求語氣時。
Can I have some sweets? 6.疑問句歸類: Where are you going ? What are you/they doing? What are you going to do? Can you run fast? Can I have some sweets? Do you want some rice? 第四冊:一般將來時(will的用法)、形容詞的比較級、一般過去時 1.一般將來時表示將要發(fā)生的事情。 be going to 是打算,表示主觀意志 will 是將會,表示客觀將要。
教師可以通過一定的語言情景用be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)句式跟will 替換。 On Monday I'll go swimming.可以替換be going to Robots will 。